Businesses Are Completely Incompatible With Virtue Ethics...

Businesses are completely incompatible with virtue ethics. Discuss. Business ethics is concerned with how well a business treats its stakeholders and whether a business’s actions are seen as ethical. Within business ethics there are three approaches which could be adopted. The first approach is that a business’s main goal could be to maximise profits and nothing more, where the ethics of the business wouldn’t necessarily be important. This view is supported by Milton Friedman. Secondly, some ethicists believe that businesses have moral responsibility to their stakeholders whether that is the employees, consumers or the local community. Finally, the last approach is the social contract theory that is based on the ideas of John Rawls. This†¦show more content†¦Kant says ‘In law a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so.’ This means that even if a person thinks of doing bad towards another person they are seen as being unethical and therefore not following through with the virtues. Another reason as to why businesses are seen as compatible with virtue ethics is because out of all the ethical theories, virtue ethics is the most modern. This means that with the modern world of business virtue ethics is most parallel, this is because it is adapted to the modern day. Also, as the virtues are present in modern times as well as in the past, employers will know what traits to have when dealing with their employees. Virtue ethics is also concerned about reaching eudemonia (the supreme good) is very important for an individual but also for the community, but it’s more important for a community to achieve eudaimonia rather than an individual. This could mean that businesses are seen as compatible with virtue ethics because if a firm seeks to achieve eudaimonia within a community then the maximum amount of good is created within a community, which means it also then links in with utilitarianism that seeks the greatest good for the greatest number. There are many areas of concern within business ethics, whether it is whistleblowing, globalisation or the relationship between employers and employees. In the case of whistleblowing, theShow MoreRelatedCustomer Perception on Buying House5873 Words   |  24 PagesReasoning Adapted from Business Ethics, Concepts and Cases: Manuel Velasquez (2006) Prentice Hall Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a general term for any view that holds that actions and policies should be evaluated on the basis of the benefits and costs they will impose on society. In any situation, the â€Å"right† action or policy is the one that will produce the greatest net benefits or the lowest net costs (when all alternatives have only net costs). Many businesses rely on such utilitarian cost-benefitRead MoreThe Vocation of the Business Leader: A Reflection15551 Words   |  63 PagesBusiness Leader†, came to light. 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Request for Proposal Free Essays

Technical Writing Fundamental 18 August 2010 Microsoft Computer Desktop Software Training Request for Proposals General Information Prestige Worldwide is preparing to upgrade its computer desktop operating systems and productivity software applications from Windows Vista to Windows 7 and Microsoft Office Professional 2010. Part of the implementation plan is to provide training for all software applications within Windows 7 and Microsoft Office Professional 2010 to all thirty employees. Summary Currently, Prestige Worldwide, Information Technology Division is planning to upgrade our company’s computer software to Windows 7 and Microsoft Office Professional 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Request for Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Making training available for all thirty employees will be part of the software upgrade plan. Prestige Worldwide desires to enter into a contracted agreement with a software training vendor for the training needs of this software upgrade project, as well as for other â€Å"as needed† software application training needs. Recent surveys conducted by the IT Division on training topics, showed in addition to traditional classroom instruction, there was a high percent of company employees who prefer to receive their training via online methods. Survey revealed that those who preferred classroom training, preferred to receive training â€Å"on-site. † As result of company employee surveys, we will be looking toward facilitating these training needs within our organization. Prestige Worldwide will be soliciting vendors that can facilitate both classroom instruction and online web based training. We may select multiple vendors to satisfy our training requirement providing both classroom instruction, and online web-based training. Prestige Worldwide- Information Technology Division (IT) will award the contracted services to the vendor(s) that provide the best value for the desired methods to meet our company training needs. Prestige Worldwide will provide on-site classroom facilities at its San Diego Ca office location, which can accommodate training from one to a group of 30 employees. If you have any question about this proposal, please contact: Dale Doback or Brennan Huff Information Technology Manger Prestige Worldwide Inc. 4545 Viewridge Ave San Diego, Ca 92123 Office: (619)964-2938 E-Mail: Nighthawk@prestigeworldwide. com Purpose As part of the operating system up date to the Windows 7 and Microsoft Office 2010, upgrade. Prestige Worldwide desires to make available software training to all its company employees to assimilate to the new software functions and to maintain level of proficiency, as well as to learn all the new capabilities and features that will increase the skill set of the user of Windows 7 and Microsoft Office Professional 2010. Prestige Worldwide is looking for training that will accomplish this objective. Among criteria and specifications are, but not limited to * Training levels: Beginning, Intermediate, and Advance for 30 employees. * Provide assessment tool for proper course level. * Ability to complete all required training for 30 employees within the allotted 3-week timeframe. * Core desktop software training for Microsoft Office 2010, Word, Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint, Access and Publisher * Microsoft Certified Trainers * Onsite Instructor-led training Fully hosted, online web-based training * Customized training * Provide course materials, training aids, and related training software. Response and Performance Expectations Executive Summary Provide a brief summary describing training, offerings, and methods. Description of Organization and Qualifications Provide a description of the business, history, and organizational structure of the organization. Experience on similar training engagements Summarie s or brief descriptions of minimum of three training engagements that are similar to the requirements of this training. References must be for services provides within the past two years. Include the name of the client and a point of contact, date of training provided. Post-Training Support Detail any post-training support and resources that are available once training is completed. Pricing Provide detailed pricing of all cost associated for the desired training. Please Include any additional cost that may be incurred. To include * Assessment testing * Training materials * Training computer setup * Group classes onsite * Individual training * Online, web-based training Vendor Submittals Response to the RFP must include the following information * Name, address and telephone number of your company * List of individuals and/or vendors comprising the team for this project and what specific role each role will take in completing the work. * Provide a detailed summary of your experience in similar training engagements. Include names, address, and phone numbers of clients. Vendors may include the following supplemental material You may provide any material not specifically required as supplemental information. Additional material may include the following. * Additional information, and/or descriptions of similar training engagements you have completed. * Additional promotional material describing your firm and its services. * Additional customer references. Selection Criteria Contract award will be based on pricing, and performance. The following criteria shall be used to evaluate the proposals. * The proven ability of the training methods to meet IT’s objectives and experience in similar training engagements. * Understanding of the roject and responsiveness to the RFP * Staff assigned * Cost Prestige Worldwide anticipates working with the most qualified vendor during Selection in order to assure the training proposed fully meets the Company’s needs. As a result, final cost of the contract may vary from the submitted cost. Submission Information Responses to the RFP must be submitted on or before October 20, 2010 at 4:00pm PST. Responses can be delivered by mail, delivery, or personally to: Prestige Worldwide Contracting Office 4545 Viewridge Ave San Diego, Ca 92123 Attention: Dale Doback or Brennan Huff RE: Microsoft Computer Desktop Software Training Schedule of Activities Please note that dates are subject to change based on Prestige Worldwide- Information Technology needs. Items Dates RFP Issue DateOctober 01, 2010 Proposal Inquiry DeadlineOctober 05, 2010 Response in Writing, to QuestionsOctober 10, 2010 RFP Submission DeadlineOctober 20, 2010 DiscussionsOctober 21, 2010 Anticipated Award of ContractNovember 01, 2010 How to cite Request for Proposal, Papers

Taxable Capital Gains Resident Fred Samples-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Describe about the Taxable Capital Gains for Resident Fred. Answer: 1. This case requires determining the net taxable capital gains for FY2016 for an Australian resident Fred. The capital gains are derived by Fred due to sale of a house in the FY2016 for $ 800,000. It is noteworthy that since the contract enactment date and the receipts of proceeds both lie in FY2016, thus the capital gains arising from the house sale would also be taxed in the same year i.e. FY2016. As per the given question, the asset purchase happened in 1987 and thus any capital gains derived would be taxable under CGT as the cut-off date in relation to application of CGT is September 20, 1985 (Nethercott, Richardson Devos, 2016). With regards to computation of taxable gains, for individual taxpayers such as Fred, there are potentially two options i.e. Discount method and Indexation method (CCH, 2013). The discount method in accordance with Section 115-25 allows for 50% reduction in the long term capital gains derived from asset liquidation which is not available in indexation method (Barkoczy, 2015). The indexation method on the other hand to lower the CGT liabilities relies on escalation of the cost base by adjusting for the rise in inflation as dictated by Section 114-1 (Gilders et, al., 2016). In the given case, preference has been accorded to discount method as this would yield lower taxable capital gains for Fred and hence would be preferred by Fred. Asset Cost base The cost base is defined in accordance with Section 110-25. It primarily constitutes following element (Gilders et, al., 2016). Acquisition cost of asset Incidental costs that the taxpayer incurs during buying the asset Incidental costs that the taxpayer incurs during selling or disposing the asset Capital costs that significantly enhance the asset value Costs incurred to maintain the title on the asset Determination of the capital gains from liquidation of holiday home Proceeds from sale (2015/2016) = $800,000 Acquisition cost (1987) = $100,000 Incidental expenses which taking possession of house = (Legal Fees + Stamp Duty) = 1,000+2,000 = $3,000 Incidental expenses which disposing the house asset = (Legal Fees + Agent Commission) = 1,100 + 9,900 = $ 11,000 Capital expense undertaken for building of garage which would enhance the property value = $20,000 Thus, cost base of holiday home = 100,000 + 3,000 + 11,000 + 20,000 = $ 134,000 Capital gains obtained from sale of holiday day =Sales proceeds Asset Cost Base = 800,000 134,000 = $666,000 Also, accumulated losses of capital nature from share sale the previous year = $ 10,000 Due to the comparable characteristics of property and share, the corresponding gains and losses can be adjusted due to which the previous share loss will be accommodated in the property gains experienced in FY2016 (Deutsch et. al., 2015). FY2016 Net capital gains (Fred) = Home capital gains Share accumulated capital loss = 666,000 10,000 = $656,000 The holding period of the asset is clearly more than a year, hence as per discount method, a rebate of 50% is made available with CGT being chargeable on the residual 50%. Thus, CGT chargeable capital gains for Fred (FY2016) = 0.5*656,000 = $ 328,000 Occurrence of accumulated capital loss occurred on account of antique vase sale In the given case, the accumulated capital loss from previous year unlike in the previous case would not be accommodated due to difference in characteristics of property and antiques items. As a result, the loss would continue to be carried forward till that time in the future when there is some antiques gain against which this could be offset. Hence, in FY2016, this capital gain loss would have no impact as shown below (Sadiq et. al., 2016). CGT chargeable capital gains for Fred (FY2016) = 50% of capital gains from holiday home = =$333,000 2. As per the relevant case details, Periwinkle as the employer is providing a host of fringe benefit to Emma as the employee and the potential tax implications of the same are discussed at length below. Car fringe benefit Section 8, FBTAA86 states that fringe benefit is considered to be present only when the vehicle purchased by employer is used by employee for personal use. The given case information is indicative that Emma does use the car for her personal purposes as well and hence it would be fair to opine that car fringe benefit is indeed present (Barkoczy, 2015). The approach used for computation of the tax implications of this benefit is in line with Section 39F and is stated as follows (Wilmot, 2012). The requisite inputs in the above formula are shown below, Capital value of the car provided by employer = Money spent by employer to buy vehicle Repair expenses incurred= (33,000 550) = $ 32,450 For any car purchased in the aftermath of April 1, 2014 then the statutory percentage that would be appropriate for use is 20% irrespective of the distance travelled during the year by the employee (ATO, 2016b). Availability of car use for the employee Emma = 366 (Calendar days FY2016) 30 (April 1 to May 1, 2015) 5 (Gone for repairs) = 331 days It is worth notice that deduction for ten days has not been made when car was parked at the airport since the unavailability was of Emma and not of the car and hence no deduction claimed for the same in days (Gilders et. al., 2016). CFB (grossed up value) = $ 32450 20% 331/365 2.1463 = $ 12,631.95 For FY2016, the FBT tax rate is applicable at 49%. CFB (FBT liability for Periwinkle) = 12,631.95 *0.49 = $ 6,190 Loan fringe benefit These fringe benefits tend to come to existence when the employer provides financial loans to a particular employee at an interest which is lower than the corresponding rate which the RBA (Reserve Bank of Australia) prescribes on a periodic basis (Deutsch et. al., 2015). As indicated by TD 2015/8, the applicable RBA rate for the current rate is 5.65% (ATO, 2015). However, the interest rate charged by to Emma is just 4.45% and therefore by borrowing at a lower rate, Emma is able to garner interest rate savings. These interest rate savings in comparison with the RBA rate would be the defining quantum of loan fringe benefit (Sadiq et. al., 2016). Also, it needs to be considered that Emma did not have access to the loan for the complete year but only from 1st September, 2015. Thus, total days in FY2016 for which Emma enjoys the loan of $ 500,000 = March 31, 2016 September 1, 2015 = 213 days Interest savings for Emma due to lower interest rate by employer (Loan Fringe Benefit or LFB) = 500000*(5.65% - 4.45%)*(213/366) = $ 3,491.8 LFB (Grossed up value) = 3,491.8*1.9608 = $ 6,846.72 LFB (FBT liability for Periwinkle) = 6,846.72*0.49 = $ 3,355 Expense fringe benefit-Bathtub In accordance with the given case, Periwinkle has provided an item or personal usage i.e. bathtub to Emma for a subsidised price of $ 1,300 while the retail price of the bathtub is $ 2,600. Thus, since the employers action is leading to a savings on the expense of personal nature, thus this is an expense fringe benefit (CCH, 2013). As bathtub sales attracts GST, thus the applicable gross up factor would be 2.1463 (ATO, 2016a) Expense Fringe Benefit (Grossed up value) = (2600-1300)*2.1463 = $ 4,078 Expense Fringe Benefit (FBT liability for Periwinkle)= 4078*0.49 = $ 1.998 In the given case, Emma uses the $ 50,000 for producing income by indulging in share trade and hence incremental deduction on this would be available to Periwinkle the employer. (Nethercott, Richardson Devos, 2016). Incremental deduction for Periwinkle = 50000*(5.65% -4.45%) = $ 600 Thus, in the given case, the total FBT liability for Periwinkle would decrease by $ 600 in comparison to the above case. Reference: ATO 2015, TD 2015/8, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=%22TXD%2FTD20158%2FNAT%2FATO%2F00001%22 (Accessed on September 20, 3016) ATO 2016a, Gross-up rates for FBT, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/rates/fbt/?page=3 (Accessed on September 20, 3016) ATO 2016b, Car fringe benefits statutory formula rates, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/rates/fbt/?page=4 (Accessed on September 20, 3016) Barkoczy,S 2015, Foundation of Taxation Law 2015, 7th eds., CCH Publications, North Ryde CCH 2013, Australian Master Tax Guide 2013, 51st eds., Wolters Kluwer, Sydney Deutsch, R, Freizer, M, Fullerton, I, Hanley, P, Snape, T 2015, Australian tax handbook 8th eds., Thomson Reuters, Pymont Gilders, F, Taylor, J, Walpole, M, Burton, M. Ciro, T 2016, Understanding taxation law 2016, 9th eds., LexisNexis/Butterworths. Nethercott, L, Richardson, G Devos, K 2016, Australian Taxation Study Manual 2016, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, Sydney, Sadiq, K, Coleman, C, Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan, S, Krever, R, Obst, W, and Ting, A 2014 ,Principles of Taxation Law 2014, 7th eds., Thomson Reuters, Pymont Wilmot, C 2012, FBT Compliance guide, 6th edn, CCH Australia Limited, North Ryde